{"id":6142,"date":"2010-07-06T20:02:10","date_gmt":"2010-07-06T19:02:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/communicatescience.com\/zoonomian\/?p=6142"},"modified":"2012-12-10T04:21:39","modified_gmt":"2012-12-10T04:21:39","slug":"out-of-the-archives-telescope-tales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/communicatescience.com\/zoonomian\/2010\/07\/06\/out-of-the-archives-telescope-tales\/","title":{"rendered":"Out Of The Archives – Telescope Tales"},"content":{"rendered":"

I’ve been amusing myself this evening scanning old black & white negatives and colour slides into the computer: strips of film that have languished in negative files on top of cupboards for years.\u00a0 It’s a boring process, but punctuated with the reward of finding something I thought was lost, or a negative that was never printed.<\/p>\n

\"developing<\/a>
Home developing. This is how we did it….<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"developing<\/a>
when I were a\u00a0 lad…..<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Some of the pictures go back to 1973, and are an unwelcome reminder of my antediluvian origins.\u00a0 But they’re also revealing of the state of technology at the time, and what I was doing with it.\u00a0 All the black and white pictures in this post are from the<\/em> archive.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"zenith<\/a>
This is not a telescope<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The photographic process itself is a prime example: the relative time\u00a0 and cost of developing and printing my own films being one reason many pictures haven’t been properly seen until now.<\/p>\n

Things sure have moved on.\u00a0 I asked my 15 year old nephew if he’d ever used film, and after clarifying I didn’t mean video tape, he confirmed he’d never touched the stuff.\u00a0 Silly of me to ask really.<\/p>\n

Regrettably, some of the more fun, not to say embarrassing, pictures from the archive are not suitable for public display.\u00a0 But I’m happy to inflict the sci-tech oriented discoveries – starting today with these pics of my first serious astronomical telescope.<\/p>\n

\"fullerscopes<\/a>
Same paint job as the 200″ on Mount Palomar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The main components were bought in 1977, and this photo of the telescope in its observatory is probably from 1979.\u00a0 The instrument is a classic Newtonian reflector of a design that hasn’t changed in hundreds of years.\u00a0 It has a 6″ primary mirror, and was built by Fullerscopes of London, the same company that made Patrick Moore’s fork-mounted 15″.\u00a0 The mount is a Fullerscopes Mk III German Type equatorial.\u00a0 The ancillaries: motor drives, plinth, finder, camera attachments, and the observatory itself are home built.<\/p>\n

\"fullerscopes<\/a><\/p>\n

To be accurate, this was my second telescope, the first being an entirely home-built open-tube reflector in an altazimuth type cradle.\u00a0 Constructed almost entirely from sturdy aluminium bar stock – largely because that’s what I had – it all proved a little unwieldy.\u00a0 No photos survive – probably for the best.<\/p>\n

\"Reflecting<\/a>
Made by Newton (Photo:Tim Jones, taken at Royal Society)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The 6″ was mainly used for visual observations.\u00a0 I later added an improved synchronous motor drive to the Right Ascension (RA) axis to make the instrument more suited to astrophotography, but as that happened in 1980, just before I left home for university and ever on, that feature was little used.<\/p>\n

Warning – Telescope building aficionados, engineers, (and all other interested readers….!) only
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Assembling, augmenting,\u00a0 or building a telescope from scratch is an excellent engineering, as well as scientific, training.\u00a0 To save money, I purchased only the RA axis worm drive from Fullerscopes, with a view to reverse engineering it and building a copy for the declination axis. Operations to do that included aluminium casting, worm screw cutting, and making my own integrated roller ball-bearings on the worm shaft (to remove any trace of play, and hence instrument movement).\u00a0\u00a0 Thankfully, my brother was building a model steam engine at the time, so a good selection of machine tools were available around the home.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Myford ML7 lathe. Every home should have one (here operated by my brother).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

I realise now that some of these operations were quite sophisticated engineering tasks, particularly for a 15 year old – probably why things didn’t always turn out as planned.\u00a0 I struggled to reproduce the 4.5″ phosphor bronze worm wheel (although the trick for cutting a worm wheel, by winding a tool-post mounted wheel into a spinning tap mounted between lathe centres, I find fascinating and elegant), and instead adapted an ex-military gun-sight for the declination axis.\u00a0 That said, the worm unit I’d made was better than the original, and eventually replaced it.<\/p>\n

\"screw-cut<\/a>
Great British engineering….<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The RA motor connected to the drive worm via a gearbox, also homemade using mecano gears mounted in a solid block of steel, the centre of which had been milled out on the lathe and fitted with individually turned and reamed phosphor-bronze bushes.\u00a0 The whole drive assembly was bolted to the plinth and linked to the final worm gear on a universal joint.\u00a0 This all worked fine, unless the telescope was incorrectly counter-balanced, when teeth would expensively shear off the little mecano gear wheels.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Moon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Despite these set-backs, or perhaps because of them, it’s my firm belief that this activity set me up well to tackle life’s later challenges: like building my own research equipment and mending the car.<\/p>\n

The telescope’s plinth and observatory have their own stories.\u00a0 I’d read somewhere that telescopes need a rock-solid mount, and that plinths mounted in concrete are superior to tripods.\u00a0 In the photo, you can just see the top of a 5ft x 5″ x 1\/4″ steel tube, 2 ft of which is buried in a 3ft square cube of concrete.\u00a0 The base of the observatory is covered in paving stones laid on sand, with a gap around the central concrete block to prevent footstep vibrations reaching the plinth.\u00a0 The plinth was capped by a 7″ square x 3\/8″ thick oxy-acetylene welded plate.\u00a0 I remember this well, as the welder had to commission an unusually large nozzle for the job.\u00a0 This was of course total overkill for a 6″ reflector; but I suspect I harbored secret fantasies of some day owning a more substantial instrument.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Lyra<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The observatory was made from resin bonded plywood on a pine frame.\u00a0 Originally designed as a run-off shed, I switched to the fold-off roof idea when the weight of the structure dictated a need for major railroad-type work adjacent to the observing area – effectively doubling the project’s footprint.\u00a0 In practice, a south-facing aspect and relatively low observatory walls meant the compromise solution made little impact on sky visibility.\u00a0 A telescope mounted permanently out of doors is always ready for action – an important consideration with UK weather –\u00a0 with no need to wait for thermal stabilisation of the optics or to spend time aligning the equatorial mount.\u00a0\u00a0 It goes without saying that, like all the world’s great observatories, it was painted white.<\/p>\n

I keep saying ‘was’, because Mount Tim<\/em> was decommissioned in the early nineties, such that you’d never know the paved area had ever\u00a0 been anything other than a regular garden patio.\u00a0 Amusingly, the plinth proved immovable, save for the use of explosives, so was instead ceremoniously tipped on its side in a shallow grave.\u00a0 I sometimes wonder what a future Tony Robinson might make of it.<\/p>\n

Coming back to Fullerscopes.\u00a0 Buying a telescope in 1976 was not like popping down the road to Curry’s and carrying it home under your arm.\u00a0\u00a0 When my father and I first visited Telescope House on the Farringdon Road, we were greeted by Dudley Fuller in person.\u00a0 He’d formed the company a few years earlier by buying out the historic but failing maker of optical instruments – Broadhurst & Clarkson Ltd.<\/p>\n

We talked about my telescope-making efforts to date, and what I needed from Fullerscopes.\u00a0\u00a0 He was wary of my plans to attach one of his diagonal mirrors to my homemade spider using glue (EvoStick No.2 – if I must!), but we agreed a package – including a Fullerscopes spider – and placed the order.\u00a0 (The spider sits in the top of the telescope tube and holds a diagonally placed mirror that diverts light into the eye-piece.)\u00a0 A month later, I returned to man-handle this tribute to Sir Isaac through the streets of London and back to Leicester\u00a0 – by train.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
What I’m using today: Meade ETX-90.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Telescope building was still being done in a traditional way.\u00a0 Fuller explained that all the brass tube-work on his telescopes was hand made using Broadhurst & Clarkson’s original equipment.\u00a0 That meant the brass sheet was rolled on an antique mill by hand, then soldered along the seam.\u00a0 On my telescope, the solder seam is visible on the brass focusing mount and Barlow lens adapter tube.\u00a0 The economics of this, particularly on parts destined for smaller instruments like my 6″, and at a time when Japan was starting to export mass-produced alternatives, must have been unsupportable.\u00a0 I’m guessing that’s the reason the Farringdon road shop closed down in 2005 and Telescope House moved out of town.\u00a0 It looks like they’re still trading though, with Patrick Moore’s endorsement into the bargain. (Telescope House website<\/a>).\u00a0 But they don’t seem to be making their own instruments any more – please correct me if you know different.<\/p>\n

\"Meade<\/a>
Meade ETX90<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

There’s a related and slightly surreal twist to the story here, concerning my move to London in 2000.\u00a0 Needing a more portable telescope for out of city viewing, I visited Fullerscopes, now the UK agent for Meade Instruments Corp. of the USA, makers of the compact Cassegrain-Maksutov telescope I was after.\u00a0 The odd thing was, when I got chatting to the guy who handed over the box, it turned out he had personally been involved in making the brass-work for my 6 inch reflector 24 years earlier!\u00a0 It’s a nice story.<\/p>\n

Anyhow, I hope that wasn’t completely boring and self-absorbed. \u00a0 If nothing else, it may have given you an insight into what I was getting up to in my formative years.\u00a0 You know, when I should have been out doing drugs, smashing up cars, and getting my underage girlfriend pregnant – like a normal teenager \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

Don’t forget to check back for the next exciting edition of Out Of The Archives……<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I’ve been amusing myself this evening scanning old black & white negatives and colour slides into the computer: strips of film that have languished in negative files on top of cupboards for years.\u00a0 It’s a boring process, but punctuated with the reward of finding something I thought was lost, or a negative that was never … Continue reading Out Of The Archives – Telescope Tales<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[638,911,73],"tags":[1421,914,916,915,913,918,920,917,919,1085,912],"class_list":["post-6142","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy","category-engineering-2","category-technology","tag-astronomy","tag-astrophotography","tag-broadhurst-and-clarkson","tag-dudley-fuller","tag-fullerscopes","tag-myford","tag-newtonian","tag-patrick-moore","tag-reflecting-telescope","tag-stargazing","tag-telescope"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pkpOr-1B4","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/communicatescience.com\/zoonomian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6142","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/communicatescience.com\/zoonomian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/communicatescience.com\/zoonomian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/communicatescience.com\/zoonomian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/communicatescience.com\/zoonomian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6142"}],"version-history":[{"count":147,"href":"https:\/\/communicatescience.com\/zoonomian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6142\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17288,"href":"https:\/\/communicatescience.com\/zoonomian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6142\/revisions\/17288"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/communicatescience.com\/zoonomian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6142"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/communicatescience.com\/zoonomian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6142"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/communicatescience.com\/zoonomian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6142"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}